您好，欢迎访问开博网站！
您好，欢迎访问开博网站！
集团动态
联系开博
发布日期：2024-09-27 作者：开博
Science, 23 AUG 2024, VOL 385, ISSUE 6711
《科学》，2024年8月23日，第385卷，6711期
材料科学Materials Science
Recyclable surgical, consumer, and industrial adhesives of poly(α-lipoic acid)
聚α-硫辛酸助力可收受接管外科、消费和工业粘合剂
▲ 作者：SUBHAJIT PAL, JISOO SHIN, KELSEY DEFRATES, MUSTAFA ARSLAN, KATELYN DALE, HANNAH CHEN, ET AL.
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado6292
▲ 摘要：
聚合物粘合剂在很多医疗、消费和工业产物中阐扬侧重要感化。α-硫辛酸（αLA）聚合物具有知足多用处和情况友爱型粘合剂需求的潜力，但其机能受限在自觉解聚。
研究组报导了一系列不变的αLA聚合物粘合剂，可针对各类医疗或非医疗用处量身定制，并以闭环体例可延续获得和收受接管。
单体构成的细小转变供给了在干燥和湿润前提下功能杰出的压敏粘合剂，和与传统环氧树脂强度相当的布局粘合剂。αLA外科强力胶成功封锁小鼠羊膜囊分裂，使鼠胎存活率从0提高到100%。
▲ Abstract：
Polymer adhesives play an important role in many medical, consumer, and industrial products. Polymers of α-lipoic acid (αLA) have the potential to fulfill the need for versatile and environmentally friendly adhesives, but their performance is plagued by spontaneous depolymerization. We report a family of stabilized αLA polymer adhesives that can be tailored for a variety of medical or nonmedical uses and sustainably sourced and recycled in a closed-loop manner. Minor cha开博体育nges in monomer composition afforded a pressure-sensitive adhesive that functions well in dry and wet conditions, as well as a structural adhesive with strength equivalent to that of conventional epoxies. αLA surgical superglue successfully sealed murine amniotic sac ruptures, increasing fetal survival from 0 to 100%.
Manufacture and testing of biomass-derivable thermosets for wind blade recycling
生物资衍生热固性材料的制造和测试助力风力叶片收受接管
▲ 作者：RYAN W. CLARKE, ERIK G. ROGNERUD, ALLEN PUENTE-URBINA, DAVID BARNES, PAUL MURDY, MICHAEL L. MCGRAW, ET AL.
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp5395
▲摘要：
风能有助在电网脱碳，但风力叶片不成收受接管，今朝的报废治理策略不成延续。
为领会决可延续能源根本举措措施中材料可收受接管性的挑战，研究组引入了可扩大的生物资衍生聚酯共价顺应性收集和响应的纤维加强复合材料，用在可收受接管风力叶片制造。经由过程尝试和计较研究（包罗9米风力叶片原型的真空辅助树脂转移模塑），研究组证实了这类材料与现有制造手艺的杰出兼容性，相对现有材料的优胜机能，和适用的报废化学品可收受接管性。
最值得留意的是虽然采取了动态交联拓扑布局，但反直觉的蠕变按捺仍优在行业最早进的热固性材料。整体而言，该研究具体介绍了风力叶片制造的诸多方面，包罗化学、工程、平安、机械阐发、风化和化学可收受接管性，使生物资衍生、可收受接管的风力叶片成为实际。
▲ Abstract：
Wind energy is helping to decarbonize the electrical grid, but wind blades are not recyclable, and current end-of-life management strategies are not sustainable. To address the material recyclability challenges in sustainable energy infrastructure, we introduce scalable biomass-derivable polyester covalent adaptable networks and corresponding fiber-reinforced composites for recyclable wind blade fabrication. Through experimental and computational studies, including vacuum-assisted resin-transfer molding of a 9-meter wind blade prototype, we demonstrate drop-in technological readiness of this material with existing manufacture techniques, superior properties relative to incumbent materials, and practical end-of-life chemical recyclability. Most notable is the counterintuitive creep suppression, outperforming industry state-of-the-art thermosets despite the dynamic cross-link topology. Overall, this report details the many facets of wind blade manufacture, encompassing chemistry, engineering, safety, mechanical analyses, weathering, and chemical recyclability, enabling a realistic path toward biomass-derivable, recyclable wind blades.
化学Chemistry
Reductive samarium (electro)catalysis enabled by SmIII-alkoxide protonolysisSmIII
醇盐质子分化实现还原钐（电）催化
▲ 作者：EMILY A. BOYD, CHUNGKEUN SHIN, DAVID J. CHARBONEAU, JONAS C. PETERS AND SARAH E. REISMAN.
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp5777
▲ 摘要：
二碘化钐（SmI2）是一种非凡的单电子还原剂，可用在各类合成情况。但是，因为与裂解强SmIII-O键相干的尽人皆知的挑战，催化周转的通用方式仍难以实现。先前的工作集中在利用高反映性亲氧试剂来实现催化剂周转。但这类方式致使催化剂形态复杂，从素质上限制了合成规模。
研究组操纵暖和且具有选择性的质子分化策略，实现了钐催化的普遍规模内酮和丙烯酸酯的份子间还原交叉偶联。该方式的模块化实现了基在溶剂、pKa（此中Ka是酸解离常数）和钐配位规模来公道节制选择性，并为催化和电催化镧系化学的将来成长供给了根本。
▲ Abstract：
Samarium diiodide (SmI2) is a privileged, single-electron reductant deployed in diverse synthetic settings. However, generalizable methods for catalytic turnover remain elusive because of the well-known challenge associated with cleaving strong SmIII-O bonds. Prior efforts have focused on the use of highly reactive oxophiles to enable catalyst turnover. However, such approaches give rise to complex catalyst speciation and intrinsically limit the synthetic scope. Herein, we leveraged a mild and selective protonolysis strategy to achieve samarium-catalyzed, intermolecular reductive cross-coupling of ketones and acrylates with broad scope. The modularity of our approach allows rational control of selectivity based on solvent, pKa (where Ka is the acid dissociation constant), and the samarium coordination sphere and provides a basis for future developments in catalytic and electrocatalytic lanthanide chemistry.
地球科学Earth Science
Slow rupture in a fluid-rich fault zone initiated the 2024 Mw 7.5 Noto earthquake
富流体断层带的迟缓分裂激发了2024年能登半岛7.5级地动
▲ 作者：ZHANGFENG MA, HONGYU ZENG, HAIPENG LUO, ZEMIN LIU, YU JIANG, YOSUKE AOKI, ET AL.
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado5143
▲摘要：
2024年产生在日本能登半岛的7.5级地动由复杂的断裂进程激发，对社区造成了粉碎。
操纵空间年夜地丈量和地动不雅测，研究组注解该事务使半岛变形，西海岸的峰值隆升到达5米。近海断层的浅层滑动跨越10米。峰值应力降年夜在10兆帕。
这一扑灭性事务始在震源四周延续15至20秒的迟缓分裂传布，自2020年以来，因为地壳下的流体供给，地动群激增。迟缓的启动陪伴着强烈的高频地动辐射。这些不雅测成果注解，在富流体断层带内存在较着的同震滑动模式，反应了断层性质的高度异质性。
▲ Abstract：
The 2024 moment magnitude 7.5 Noto Peninsula (Japan) earthquake caused devastation to communities and was generated by a complex rupture process. Using space geodetic and seismic observations, we have shown that the event deformed the peninsula with a peak uplift reaching 5 meters at the west coast. Shallow slip exceeded 10 meters on an offshore fault. Peak stress drop was greater than 10 megapascals. This devastating event began with a slow rupture propagation lasting 15 to 20 seconds near its hypocenter, where seismic swarms had surged since 2020 because of lower-crust fluid supply. The slow start was accompanied by intense high-frequency seismic radiation. These observations suggest a distinct coseismic slip mode reflecting high heterogeneity in fault properties within a fluid-rich fault zone.
Dual-initiation ruptures in the 2024 Noto earthquake encircling a fault asperity at a swarm edge
2024年能登地动中环震群边沿断层粗拙度的两重激发分裂
▲ 作者：LIUWEI XU, CHEN JI, LINGSEN MENG, JEAN-PAUL AMPUERO, ZHANG YUNJUN, SAEED MOHANNA, ET AL.
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp0493
▲摘要：
为了揭露2024年日本能登7.5级地动与之前地动勾当群之间的联系，研究组经由过程近源波形阐发和震源成像手艺，连系地动和年夜地丈量数据集，研究了其分裂进程。
成果在初始分裂阶段发现了较着的复杂性。在之前的地动群中连结完全的强烈断层粗拙度减缓了分裂速度。然后，二次分裂始在粗拙度的另外一边，粗拙度没法抵抗双钳形分裂前缘。这类高应力降粗拙度的掉败使地动演化为年夜范围事务。
该不雅测成果有助在揭露断层粗拙度在节制震群迁徙和分裂传布方面的要害感化，并强调需要进行具体的地动学和跨学科研究来评估震群易发地域的地动风险。
▲ Abstract：
To reveal the connections between the 2024 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.5 Noto earthquake in Japan and the seismicity swarms that preceded it, we investigated its rupture process through near-source waveform analysis and source imaging techniques, combining seismic and geodetic datasets. We found notable complexity in the initial rupture stages. A strong fault asperity, which remained unbroken in preceding seismic swarms, slowed down the rupture. Then, a second rupture initiated at the opposite edge of the asperity, and the asperity succumbed to double-pincer rupture fronts. The failure of this high-stress drop asperity drove the earthquake into a large-scale event. Our observations help unravel the crucial role of fault asperities in controlling swarm migration and rupture propagation and underscore the need for detailed seismological and interdisciplinary studies to assess seismic risk in swarm-prone regions.
Climate policies that achieved major emission reductions: Global evidence from two decades
实现年夜幅减排的天气政策：二十年的全球证据
▲ 作者：ANNIKA STECHEMESSER, NICOLAS KOCH, EBBA MARK, ELINA DILGER, PATRICK KL?SEL, LAURA MENICACCI, ET AL.
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl6547
▲摘要：
要实现《巴黎协议》的天气方针，就必需更好地领会哪些天气政策能在需要范围上削减排放。
研究组供给了一项全球系统的过后评估，以肯定在1998年至2022年间在六年夜洲41个国度实行的1500项天气政策中致使年夜幅减排的政策组合。该方式将一个周全的天气政策数据库与基在机械进修的通用两重差分法的扩大相连系。共肯定了63项成功的政策干涉干与办法，总减排量在6亿至18亿吨二氧化碳之间。
研究组对有用但罕有研究的政策组合的看法强调了基在价钱的东西在精心设计的政策组合中的主要感化，和缩小排放差距所需的政策尽力。
▲ Abstract：
Meeting the Paris Agreement’s climate targets necessitates better knowledge about which climate policies work in reducing emissions at the necessary scale. We provide a global, systematic ex post evaluation to identify policy combinations that have led to large emission reductions out of 1500 climate policies implemented between 1998 and 2022 across 41 countries from six continents. Our approach integrates a comprehensive climate policy database with a machine learning–based extension of the common difference-in-differences approach. We identified 63 successful policy interventions with total emission reductions between 0.6 billion and 1.8 billion metric tonnes CO2. Our insights on effective but rarely studied policy combinations highlight the important role of price-based instruments in well-designed policy mixes and the policy efforts necessary for closing the emissions gap.
特殊声明：本文转载仅仅是出在传布信息的需要，其实不意味着代表本网站不雅点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、网站或小我从本网站转载利用，须保存本网站注明的“来历”，并自大版权等法令责任；作者假如不但愿被转载或联系转载稿费等事宜，请与我们联系。